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Server
java
// 把 NettyServer 的创建交给 Spring 管理
@Component
public class NettyServer {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
@Value("${netty.port}")
private Integer port;
@Resource
private NettyServerHandlerInitializer nettyServerHandlerInitializer;
// boss 线程组，用于服务端接受客户端的连接
private EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
// worker 线程组，用于服务端接受客户端的数据读写
private EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
// Netty Server Channel
private Channel channel;
// 启动 Netty Server
@PostConstruct
public void start() throws InterruptedException {
// 创建 ServerBootstrap 对象，用于 Netty Server 启动
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
// 设置 ServerBootstrap 的各种属性
// 设置两个 EventLoopGroup 对象
bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
// 指定 Channel 为服务端 NioServerSocketChannel
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
// 设置 Netty Server 的端口
.localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(port))
// 服务端 accept 队列的大小
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
// TCP Keepalive 机制，实现 TCP 层级的心跳保活功能
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)
// 允许较小的数据包的发送，降低延迟
.childOption(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
// 处理器
.childHandler(nettyServerHandlerInitializer);
// 绑定端口，并同步等待成功，即启动服务端
ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind().sync();
if (future.isSuccess()) {
channel = future.channel();
logger.info("[start][Netty Server 启动在 {} 端口]", port);
}
}
// 关闭 Netty Server
@PreDestroy
public void shutdown() {
// 关闭 Netty Server
if (channel != null) {
channel.close();
}
// <3.2> 优雅关闭两个 EventLoopGroup 对象
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}NettyServerHandlerInitializer
java
@Component
public class NettyServerHandlerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<Channel> {
/**
* 心跳超时时间
*/
private static final Integer READ_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 3 * 60;
@Resource
private NettyServerHandler nettyServerHandler;
@Override
protected void initChannel(Channel ch) {
// 获得 Channel 对应的 ChannelPipeline
ChannelPipeline channelPipeline = ch.pipeline();
// 添加一堆 NettyServerHandler 到 ChannelPipeline 中
channelPipeline
// 空闲检测
.addLast(new ReadTimeoutHandler(READ_TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS))
// 编码器
.addLast(new InvocationEncoder())
// 解码器
.addLast(new InvocationDecoder())
// 消息分发器
.addLast(messageDispatcher)
// 服务端处理器
.addLast(nettyServerHandler)
;
}
}模拟启动Netty
java
ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
System.out.println("Netty 代理服务器启动，监听端口：" + port);
future.channel().closeFuture().sync(); // 阻塞直到关闭java
public class NettyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
RiceCooker cooker = new RiceCooker();
// 模拟 bootstrap.bind().sync()
cooker.start(); // 启动（阻塞直到准备好）
// 模拟 future.channel().closeFuture().sync()
new Thread(() -> {
try {
Thread.sleep(5000); // 模拟5秒后煮好饭
cooker.close(); // 自动关闭
} catch (InterruptedException ignored) {}
}).start();
cooker.waitUntilClosed(); // 阻塞，直到关闭
}
}
class RiceCooker {
boolean isStarted = false;
boolean isClosed = false;
// 启动电饭煲
public void start() throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("启动电饭煲...");
Thread.sleep(1000); // 模拟准备时间
isStarted = true;
System.out.println("电饭煲开始煮饭！");
}
// 等待“煮饭完成”
public void waitUntilClosed() throws InterruptedException {
while (!isClosed) {
Thread.sleep(500); // 等待状态变化
}
System.out.println("煮饭完成，电饭煲关闭。");
}
public void close() {
isClosed = true;
}
}粘包
模拟粘包问题
java
public class NettyServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(boss, worker)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
// 👇 没有拆包处理器，粘包将出现！
pipeline.addLast(new ServerHandler());
}
});
b.bind(8080).sync();
System.out.println("Server started on port 8080");
}
}
class ServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg) {
String received = msg.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8);
System.out.println("数据长度：" + msg.readableBytes());
System.out.println("原始数据: [" + received + "]");
}
}java
public class NettyClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.group(group)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
// 连续发多条消息，粘包一定会出现
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
String msg = "msg" + i + "\n";
ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(msg, CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
}
}
});
}
});
bootstrap.connect("127.0.0.1", 8080).sync();
}
}服务端打印
shell
Server started on port 8080
数据长度：25
原始数据: [msg0
msg1
msg2
msg3
msg4
]这里错误情况,正常情况应该是
shell
原始数据:[msg0]
原始数据:[msg1]
原始数据:[msg2]
.....方案1:换行符或自定义分隔符
在服务端配置
java
// 按 \n 拆
new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024);
// 按 "--" 拆
new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024, Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("--".getBytes()));java
public class NettyServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(boss, worker)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024));
// pipeline.addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024, Unpooled.wrappedBuffer("--".getBytes())));
// 👇 没有拆包处理器，粘包将出现！
pipeline.addLast(new ServerHandler());
}
});
b.bind(8080).sync();
System.out.println("Server started on port 8080");
}
}
class ServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg) {
String received = msg.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8);
System.out.println("数据长度：" + msg.readableBytes());
System.out.println("原始数据: [" + received + "]");
}
}控制台打印,这是正常的
shell
Server started on port 8080
数据长度：4
原始数据: [msg0]
数据长度：4
原始数据: [msg1]
数据长度：4
原始数据: [msg2]
数据长度：4
原始数据: [msg3]
数据长度：4
原始数据: [msg4]方案2:固定长度
java
// 客户端每条消息必须正好 8 字节，否则解析错。
pipeline.addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(8));